(1) Structure and bonding of organic compounds, acids and bases, stereochemistry, structure determination;
(2) Properties of various functional groups, aromatic compounds, carbohydrates, and peptides;
(3) The nature of organic reactions, oxidations and reductions, substitution and elimination reactions, additions and condensations.
(4) Biomolecules including carbohydrates, amino acids and proteins, lipids and nucleic acids.